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SPP1 macrophages across diseases: A call for reclassification?
Alessio Reggio1,2, Claudia Fuoco2, Rebecca Deodati2
1Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Rome, Italy.
Abstract:
SPP1+ macrophages, characterized by elevated expression of the osteopontin gene (secreted phosphoprotein 1, SPP1), have emerged as key players in various pathological contexts, including aging, chronic inflammatory diseases, and cancer. While frequently classified as a subclass of tumor-associated macrophages in oncological settings, their presence in noncancer conditions, such as aging-related disorders and muscular diseases, suggests a broader role beyond tumors. These macrophages share conserved traits, including fibrosis promotion, extracellular matrix remodeling, and immune modulation, often linked to poor clinical outcomes. This perspective explores the multifaceted roles of SPP1+ macrophages across diseases and advocates for their reclassification as a distinct macrophage subtype associated with chronic or prolonged inflammation. Recognizing their cross-disease relevance could reshape macrophage biology and inform targeted therapeutic strategies.
Insights
Secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1)+ macrophages are involved in aging, inflammation, and cancer. Their diverse roles suggest reclassifying them as a distinct subtype linked to chronic inflammation, impacting therapeutic strategies.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Cell Biology
- Pathology
Background:
- Secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1)+ macrophages, marked by high osteopontin gene expression, are implicated in aging, chronic inflammation, and cancer.
- While often viewed as tumor-associated macrophages, their presence in non-cancerous conditions like aging and muscle diseases indicates broader pathological relevance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the diverse roles of SPP1+ macrophages across various diseases.
- To advocate for the reclassification of SPP1+ macrophages as a distinct subtype associated with chronic inflammation.
Main Methods:
- Literature review and synthesis of existing research on SPP1+ macrophages.
- Analysis of conserved traits and clinical outcomes associated with SPP1+ macrophages in different pathological contexts.
Main Results:
- SPP1+ macrophages exhibit conserved functions such as promoting fibrosis, remodeling the extracellular matrix, and modulating immune responses.
- These functions are frequently associated with adverse clinical outcomes across multiple diseases.
Conclusions:
- SPP1+ macrophages play significant roles beyond oncology, particularly in chronic inflammatory conditions.
- Reclassifying SPP1+ macrophages as a distinct subtype could advance our understanding of macrophage biology and guide the development of targeted therapies.
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