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Updated: May 24, 2025

Biofunctionalization of Magnetic Nanomaterials
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Recent advances in nucleic acid-functionalized metallic nanoparticles.

Lei Ren1,2,3, Shuting Cao4,5, Linjie Guo3

  • 1Division of Physical Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|March 6, 2025
PubMed
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Nucleic acid-functionalized metallic nanoparticles (N-MNPs) combine nucleic acids and nanomaterials for advanced biomedical applications. This review explores their construction, theranostic uses in diagnostics and drug delivery, and future potential.

Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Nucleic acid-functionalized metallic nanoparticles (N-MNPs) integrate properties of nucleic acids and metallic nanomaterials.
  • These hybrid nanomaterials offer unique characteristics like enzymatic resistance, barrier penetration, and programmable self-assembly.
  • Their properties show significant promise for biomedical diagnostics and therapeutics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in the synthesis and theranostic applications of N-MNPs.
  • To summarize conjugation methodologies and superstructural assembly formation.
  • To highlight current and future prospects of N-MNPs in theranostics.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on nucleic acid-metallic nanoparticle conjugation techniques.

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  • Analysis of superstructural assembly formation strategies.
  • Compilation of representative applications in diagnosis, imaging, and drug delivery.

    • Main Results:

    • N-MNPs exhibit enhanced stability, targeted delivery, and controllable functions.
    • Applications demonstrated include sensitive biomolecular diagnosis, advanced imaging, and smart theranostic agent delivery.
    • Diverse methodologies exist for conjugating nucleic acids to metallic nanoparticles.

    Conclusions:

    • N-MNPs represent a powerful platform for next-generation theranostics.
    • Further research is needed to overcome current challenges and fully realize their clinical potential.
    • Future directions include optimizing N-MNP design for enhanced efficacy and safety in biomedical applications.