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Survival analysis is a statistical method used to study time-to-event data, where the "event" might represent outcomes like death, disease relapse, system failure, or recovery. A unique feature of survival data is censoring, which occurs when the event of interest has not been observed for some individuals during the study period. This requires specialized techniques to handle incomplete data effectively.
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A tutorial on estimating dynamic treatment regimes from observational longitudinal data using lavaan.

Wen Wei Loh1, Terrence D Jorgensen2

  • 1Department of Methodology and Statistics, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University.

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Dynamic treatment regimes (DTRs) offer adaptive interventions for evolving needs, improving relevance and efficiency over conventional methods. This tutorial introduces DTRs for psychological research using observational data.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology and Behavioral Science
  • Causal Inference
  • Personalized Medicine

Background:

  • Interventions face challenges with time-dependent changes in individual needs and responses.
  • Conventional interventions with fixed assignments are inflexible and inefficient for evolving situations.
  • Dynamic treatment regimes (DTRs) provide adaptive, tailored interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce Dynamic Treatment Regimes (DTRs) to psychological and behavioral scientists.
  • Demonstrate how to estimate counterfactual outcomes under different DTRs using observational data.
  • Provide accessible methods for implementing DTR analysis in psychology research.

Main Methods:

  • Utilize observational data from a longitudinal study.
  • Employ causal inference techniques to estimate DTR effectiveness.
  • Implement estimation procedures in the 'lavaan' statistical software package.

Main Results:

  • Showcase the application of DTRs with a psychology-based example.
  • Illustrate how to estimate the impact of adaptive intervention strategies.
  • Facilitate the counterfactual analysis of time-dependent treatment effects.

Conclusions:

  • DTRs offer a more relevant and efficient approach than conventional interventions.
  • This tutorial guides researchers in applying DTRs to psychological research.
  • Encourages the framing, interpretation, and testing of DTRs in behavioral science investigations.