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Viral Mutations

Viral Mutations

A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...

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Updated: May 24, 2025

Zika Virus Infectious Cell Culture System and the In Vitro Prophylactic Effect of Interferons

Zika Virus Infectious Cell Culture System and the In Vitro Prophylactic Effect of Interferons

Published on: August 23, 2016

Zika virus: an overview update.

Hanna K de Jong¹, Martin P Grobusch^1,2,3,4,5

¹Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam Public Health - Global Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS

|March 6, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Despite declining Zika virus disease (ZVD) cases, new outbreaks necessitate preventive measures. Research is advancing diagnostics and vaccine development for Zika virus, crucial for vulnerable populations.

Keywords:

Zika virus antivirals arboviral disease mAbs microcephaly prophylaxis travellers tropical infectious disease

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Area of Science:

* Virology and Epidemiology
* Infectious Diseases
* Public Health

Background:

* Zika virus disease (ZVD) cases have globally declined since 2017, but sporadic outbreaks, like in Asia in 2024, persist.
* No specific vaccine or antiviral treatment is currently available, highlighting the need for preventive strategies, particularly for pregnant women and immunocompromised individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

* To review recent advancements in Zika virus disease (ZVD) over the past two years.
* To summarize key literature on ZVD epidemiology, transmission, diagnostics, clinical manifestations, prevention, and treatment.
* To highlight the importance of vaccine and monoclonal antibody (mAb) development.

Main Methods:

* Comprehensive literature review of scientific publications on ZVD.
* Analysis of global epidemiological data and outbreak reports.
* Evaluation of current diagnostic tools and their limitations.
* Assessment of vaccine and therapeutic candidate development stages.

Main Results:

* ZVD remains endemic in tropical and subtropical regions, with Latin America and the Caribbean at highest risk.
* Ongoing research investigates long-term sequelae of the 2015-2018 Americas outbreak.
* Diagnostic tools are being refined to improve specificity, addressing cross-reactivity with dengue virus.
* Multiple ZVD vaccines are in clinical development, with Phase 3 trials pending future epidemic conditions.

Conclusions:

* Significant progress has been made in understanding ZVD epidemiology and refining diagnostic capabilities.
* Preventive measures, particularly vaccine development, are advancing more rapidly than curative treatments.
* Continued research and development are essential to control ZVD and mitigate its impact.