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Changes in affect variability after starting gender-affirming hormone therapy.

Margot W L Morssinkhof1, Marijn Schipper2, Baudewijntje P C Kreukels1

  • 1Department of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Psychoneuroendocrinology
|March 6, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) alters negative affect variability in transgender individuals. Masculinizing hormones decrease variability, while feminizing hormones increase it, aligning with cisgender patterns.

Keywords:
AffectEmotionEstradiolGender-affirming hormone therapyTestosteroneTransgender

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Endocrinology
  • Transgender Health

Background:

  • Negative affect variability, the fluctuation of negative emotions, differs between cisgender men and women.
  • Sex hormones are hypothesized to influence affect variability.
  • The impact of gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) on negative affect variability in transgender individuals is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate changes in negative affect variability among transgender individuals starting GAHT.
  • To compare affect variability changes between those receiving masculinizing hormones (MH) and feminizing hormones (FH).

Main Methods:

  • 92 transgender participants (47 MH, 45 FH) from the RESTED study were analyzed.
  • Daily diaries assessed negative affect symptoms (low mood, less interest, tension, restlessness) at baseline, 3 months, and 12 months.
  • Linear mixed models compared weekly negative affect variability, controlling for mean affect, between groups and time points.

Main Results:

  • In the MH group, variability of tense and restless feelings decreased after 3 and 12 months of GAHT.
  • In the FH group, variability of low mood and restless feelings increased after 3 and 12 months of GAHT.
  • Transgender individuals receiving FH showed greater increases in negative affect variability compared to those receiving MH.

Conclusions:

  • GAHT significantly alters negative affect variability patterns in transgender individuals.
  • MH initiation is associated with a shift towards reduced negative affect variability, resembling cisgender men.
  • FH initiation is associated with a shift towards increased negative affect variability, resembling cisgender women.