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When does rheumatoid disease start?

K Aho, T Palosuo, V Raunio

    Arthritis and Rheumatism
    |May 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Rheumatoid factor, detected by Rose-Waaler and latex fixation tests, often appears in serum before rheumatoid arthritis onset. This rheumatoid factor occurrence was more common in males and typically preceded clinical disease by less than four years.

    Area of Science:

    • Rheumatology
    • Immunology
    • Epidemiology

    Background:

    • Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by joint inflammation.
    • Rheumatoid factor (RF) is an autoantibody often found in the blood of individuals with RA.
    • Early detection of biomarkers preceding RA onset is crucial for understanding disease pathogenesis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the presence and timing of rheumatoid factor in pre-clinical rheumatoid arthritis.
    • To analyze the association between RF detection and the time interval to clinical disease onset.
    • To explore potential sex differences in the occurrence of RF before RA diagnosis.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of stored serum specimens from 30 individuals who later developed seropositive rheumatoid arthritis.

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  • Utilized Rose-Waaler and latex fixation tests to detect rheumatoid factor in pre-disease serum samples.
  • Correlated positive RF test results with the time elapsed between blood collection and RA symptom onset.

    • Main Results:

    • Rheumatoid factor was detected in pre-clinical serum samples from a significant proportion of future RA patients.
    • Positive Rose-Waaler test in 9 specimens; positive latex fixation test in 16 specimens.
    • Two-thirds of positive RF samples were from individuals with an interval less than 4 years to disease onset.
    • One-third of positive RF samples were from individuals with an interval of 4 years or more to disease onset.
    • Rheumatoid factor preceded clinical disease onset more frequently in males than in females.

    Conclusions:

    • Rheumatoid factor can be present in serum years before the clinical diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis.
    • The detection of rheumatoid factor in pre-disease sera highlights its potential role in early RA pathogenesis.
    • Sex-based differences in the timing of rheumatoid factor occurrence suggest distinct disease trajectories in males and females.