[Progress of tympanic administration with its application in the treatment of inner ear disease]

As an effective means of local drug delivery, intratympanic administration has shown a wide range of applications in the treatment of inner ear diseases, such as Meniere's disease, sudden deafness, and immune-related inner ear disease. These diseases have complex etiologies and limited treatment effects, leading to many difficulties in clinical diagnosis and treatment. Intratympanic administration significantly enhances the therapeutic effect through bypassing the blood-labyrinth barrier and increasing the local concentration of the drug in the inner ear. This article reviews the historical development, mechanism and technical advantages of intratympanic administration, and analyzes the application effects of glucocorticoids, gentamicin and other drugs in the treatment of inner ear diseases. At the same time, the limitations and challenges of intratympanic administration in terms of drug absorption, bioavailability, individualized dose control and long-term efficacy were discussed. In the future, with the advancement of nanotechnology and precision medicine, intratympanic administration is expected to achieve higher precision and safety in the treatment of inner ear diseases, providing patients with more optimized treatment options.