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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
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The Use of Trace Eyeblink Classical Conditioning to Assess Hippocampal Dysfunction in a Rat Model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
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Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders.

Riley J Felicicchia1, Christina R Veziris1, Sarah N Mattson2

  • 1Department of Psychology, Center for Behavioral Teratology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.

Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences
|March 6, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) can lead to fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs), causing lifelong physical and neurobehavioral challenges. Early interventions are crucial for managing these developmental impacts.

Keywords:
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs)Prenatal alcohol exposure

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) results in a spectrum of physical, neurobehavioral, and neurocognitive impairments.
  • These impairments can significantly affect developmental trajectories across the lifespan.
  • Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) encompass conditions diagnosed in individuals with physical or neurobehavioral difficulties due to PAE.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive summary of current knowledge regarding FASDs.
  • To cover diagnostic criteria, neurobehavioral outcomes, lifespan considerations, and available interventions for FASDs.
  • To review the literature on pre- and postnatal interventions targeting the effects of PAE.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current knowledge on FASDs.
  • Synthesis of information on diagnostic criteria and clinical presentations.
  • Examination of research on neurodevelopmental outcomes and intervention strategies.

Main Results:

  • Individuals with PAE often experience challenges in executive functioning, general intelligence, motor skills, learning, and memory.
  • Commonly associated issues include aggression, legal troubles, and oppositional behavior.
  • Altered neural development, such as reduced brain volume and structural abnormalities, underlies these effects, increasing risks for co-occurring conditions.

Conclusions:

  • PAE leads to a range of cognitive and behavioral deficits characteristic of FASDs.
  • Lifespan considerations and targeted interventions are essential for individuals affected by PAE.
  • Further research into effective pre- and postnatal interventions is warranted to mitigate the long-term impacts of FASDs.