Associations between maternal body composition in the second trimester and premature rupture of membranes: a...

Maternal nutrition is associated with premature rupture of membranes (PROM), which affects 6.7-10.0% of term pregnancies and poses significant health challenges for both mothers and children. However, the relationship between body composition, a detailed reflection of maternal nutrition, and PROM remains under-explored.

We conducted a retrospective correlational study using data from 38,610 obstetric cases (PROM = 9,857; non-PROM = 28,753) in the hospital information system of West China Second University Hospital. Multi-variable binary logistic regression was performed to investigate the relationships between key body composition indicators and PROM.

Advanced maternal age (OR:1.026, P < 0.001) and nulliparity (OR:1.402, P < 0.001) were associated with an increased risk of PROM, while longer gestational age (OR:0.864, P < 0.001) was linked to a lower risk. A higher waist-to-hip ratio was identified as a significant risk factor for PROM (OR:2.818, P < 0.001), whereas higher protein levels (OR:0.934, P < 0.001) and mineral content (OR:0.760, P = 0.045) were potential protective factors.

Key body composition indicators, including a higher waist-to-hip ratio, lower protein levels, and lower mineral content, are associated with an increased risk of PROM. Additionally, advanced maternal age, shorter gestational age, and nulliparity are linked to a higher incidence of PROM. These findings provide valuable insights for early PROM risk screening and contribute to maternal and child health promotion. Future prospective, longitudinal, and causal studies are necessary to validate and further support these findings.