Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 23, 2025

Assessment of Stress Effects on Cognitive Flexibility using an Operant Strategy Shifting Paradigm
Published on: May 4, 2020
'We Are Raising Our Voices': Coping Strategies Used by Khwaja Sira in Swat, Pakistan
Sameena Azhar1, Imtyaz Ahmad1,2, Laura Gaudio1
1Fordham University Graduate School of Social Service, New York, New York, USA.
Abstract:
This study explores coping strategies used by khwaja sira, a third-gender community, in Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. We conducted 45 semi-structured, in-depth interviews with khwaja sira in Mingora, Swat. Interviews were conducted in Pashto, digitally audio recorded, transcribed and translated directly into English, and analysed using thematic content analysis. Applying coping theory, we identified five major themes in the interview transcripts: (1) creating community with other khwaja sira; (2) navigating safety in sex work; (3) managing interpersonal relationships; (4) increasing awareness about transgender rights; (5) trusting in kismet. Findings demonstrate how the khwaja sira community utilises a range of individual and collective coping strategies to manage experiences of social marginalisation.
Related Concept Videos
Coping Strategies: Problem Focused
For example, consider a student who struggles to understand their...
Coping Strategies: Emotion Focused
Horney's Sociocultural Approach
Problem-Solving
Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques V
Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques VI
Motivation and Self-Determination
Motivation, the driving force behind behavior, plays a pivotal role at every stage of the change process. The research...

