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Burden of Musculoskeletal (MSK) Pain and Arthritis in India: A Community Oriented Program for Control of Rheumatic

Arvind Chopra1, Ashish Jacob Mathew2, Rohini Handa3

  • 1Center for Rheumatic Diseases, Pune, India.

International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases
|March 7, 2025
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Musculoskeletal (MSK) pain affects 16.14% of India's population, with higher rates in rural areas. This study highlights the significant burden of MSK disorders and the need for a national control program.

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The World Health Organization's Community-Oriented Program for the Control of Rheumatic Diseases (COPCORD) has been implemented globally.
  • The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) program reports on select musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders.
  • A COPCORD India protocol was utilized to assess the national burden of MSK disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate the national burden of musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders in India using the COPCORD protocol.
  • To identify the prevalence and risk factors associated with MSK pain in the Indian population.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional and prospective study screened 56,548 individuals across 12 sites (8 rural) using standardized questionnaires and clinical examinations by rheumatologists.
  • Trained paramedics identified respondents with current or past non-traumatic MSK pain.
  • Anonymized, pooled data were analyzed for standardized point prevalence rates and risk factors, adjusted for the Indian Census.

Main Results:

  • The overall prevalence of MSK pain was 16.14%, significantly higher in rural (20%) versus urban (10.3%) populations.
  • Osteoarthritis (4.39%) and inflammatory arthritis (12%) were common, alongside non-specific arthralgias and soft tissue pains.
  • Risk factors included female gender, low literacy, non-vegetarian diet, chronic non-MSK illness, prior trauma, and tobacco use.

Conclusions:

  • The high prevalence of MSK pain and arthritis signifies a substantial disease burden in India.
  • These findings underscore the urgent need for a comprehensive national program to control MSK disorders.
Keywords:
COPCORDIndiaarthritiscommunity medicinedisease burdenepidemiologymusculoskeletal pain

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