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Related Concept Videos

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Introduction to Fibroblasts

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Rudolph Virchow discovered spindle-shaped cells called fibroblasts in 1858. Inactive fibroblasts, called fibrocytes, become activated by various stimuli, such as growth factors and inflammatory cytokines. Activated fibroblasts play a crucial role in wound healing, inflammation, formation of new blood vessels, and cancer progression. Uncontrolled activation of fibroblasts results in fibrosis, the excess deposition of fibrous tissue, which can lead to scarring and affect normal organs. This...
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Hematopoietic growth factors are molecules that regulate the differentiation rate of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Erythropoietin (EPO), primarily produced by the kidneys, plays a crucial role in erythrocyte production. When oxygen levels in the blood are low, EPO is released into the bloodstream, reaching the bone marrow, where it stimulates HSCs to differentiate and mature into erythrocytes, which are vital for oxygen transport.
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Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...
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Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
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Enzyme-linked receptors are cell-surface receptors acting as an enzyme or associating with an enzyme intracellularly. They make excellent drug targets. Drugs can bind to the extracellular ligand-binding domain or directly affect their enzymatic domain and alter their activity.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2025

Isolation of Papillary and Reticular Fibroblasts from Human Skin by Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting
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Fibroblast Growth Factors: Roles and Emerging Therapeutic Applications.

Gaëtane Ternier1, Kaynat Shahzad1, Oshadi Edirisinghe2

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fulbright College of Art and Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR72701, USA.

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|March 7, 2025
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Summary

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are crucial for cellular functions like growth and regeneration. This review clarifies their mechanisms and therapeutic potential, despite challenges with their instability.

Keywords:
Fibroblastacidic FGF.growth factorshomeostasislipid homeostasisregenerationtherapeutic applications

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Medicine

Background:

  • Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are key regulators of cellular homeostasis, regeneration, and growth, with distinct expression patterns during development and adulthood.
  • Recent interest highlights FGFs' potential in clinical applications, particularly concerning glucose/lipid metabolism, cancer, and regenerative medicine.

Approach:

  • This work provides a comprehensive review of the known mechanisms of action for various fibroblast growth factors.
  • The review synthesizes current understanding of FGF signaling pathways and their diverse cellular roles.

Key Points:

  • FGFs play critical roles in fundamental cellular processes, including development, tissue repair, and metabolic regulation.
  • Despite their therapeutic promise, the precise functions and signaling pathways of all FGF family members are not fully elucidated.
  • The inherent structural instability of FGF molecules presents a significant hurdle for their clinical translation.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding FGF mechanisms is essential for unlocking their full therapeutic potential in treating various diseases.
  • Further research into FGF stability and targeted delivery is needed to overcome clinical application challenges.