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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

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Measuring polar bear health using allostatic load.

Sarah J Teman1, Todd C Atwood2, Sarah J Converse3

  • 1School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, 1122 NE Boat St Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.

Conservation Physiology
|March 7, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Climate change impacts polar bear health. Researchers developed an allostatic load index to assess physiological stress in southern Beaufort Sea bears, finding increased stress in females using terrestrial habitats.

Keywords:
Abbreviations: ALB = albumin; ALP = alkaline phosphatase; ALT = alanine aminotransferase; BAS = basophil count; BCI = body condition index; BUN = blood urea nitrogen; CA = calcium; CBC = complete blood count; CREA = creatinine; EOS = eosinophil count; GLOB = globulin; HCC = hair cortisol concentration; LYM = lymphocyte count; MON = monocyte count; NEU = neutrophil count; NA = sodium; PCV = packed cell volume; PHOS = phosphorus; POT = potassium; TP = total protein; UC ratio = urea–creatinine ratioAllostatic loadArcticconservation physiologymarine mammalpolar bear, Ursus maritimuswildlife health

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Area of Science:

  • Wildlife physiology
  • Conservation biology
  • Arctic ecology

Background:

  • Southern Beaufort Sea polar bears (Ursus maritimus) face threats from climate change and sea ice loss.
  • Linking individual health to population declines in polar bears remains challenging.
  • Allostatic load serves as a measure of physiological stress and potential dysregulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and apply an allostatic load index for assessing the health of free-ranging polar bears.
  • To investigate the relationship between allostatic load and factors like body condition, age, and habitat use.
  • To explore the utility of allostatic load as an indicator of individual health within a vulnerable population.

Main Methods:

  • Collected blood and hair samples from physically captured southern Beaufort Sea polar bears in spring.
  • Developed an allostatic load index using various blood- and hair-based analytes.
  • Analyzed allostatic load in relation to polar bear body condition, age, terrestrial habitat use, and demographic groups over time.

Main Results:

  • No overall relationship was found between allostatic load and polar bear body condition.
  • Adult female polar bears without cubs that utilized terrestrial habitats in the preceding year exhibited higher allostatic load.
  • Allostatic load decreased with age in adult females without cubs, and sub-adult males showed a decline in allostatic load over time.

Conclusions:

  • The study highlights the complexity of using allostatic load as a health index in wild polar bears.
  • Terrestrial habitat use may be associated with physiological stress in female polar bears.
  • Further research is needed to link individual health metrics, like allostatic load, to population dynamics for effective conservation.