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Mobility patterns, activity locations, and TB in Nairobi, Kenya.
K H Tram1, J Ong'ang'o2, R Kiplimo3
1Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Summary
Social activity locations, not mobility, were linked to higher tuberculosis (TB) risk in Nairobi. This finding can guide targeted active case-finding (ACF) efforts for TB detection.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Infectious Disease Research
Background:
- Over 3 million individuals annually develop tuberculosis (TB) without diagnosis or treatment.
- Characterizing mobility and activity patterns is crucial for effective active case-finding (ACF) in high-burden urban settings.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between mobility patterns, activity locations, and the risk of TB in Nairobi, Kenya.
- To inform the development of targeted ACF strategies for TB control.
Main Methods:
- A population-based TB prevalence survey was conducted in Nairobi in 2022.
- Participants (aged ≥15) with TB symptoms or suggestive chest X-rays underwent sputum testing (Xpert Ultra and culture).
- Individual activity locations and mobility data were collected and analyzed for association with pulmonary TB risk.
Main Results:
- The survey enrolled 6,369 participants across nine clusters.
- While mobility factors showed no significant association with TB, age (45-54), male sex, and use of social activity locations were significantly associated with increased TB risk.
- Specifically, social activity locations demonstrated a positive association with TB risk (OR 1.96).
Conclusions:
- Mobility patterns were not significantly associated with TB risk in this urban setting.
- Social activity locations, such as bars, emerged as key venues for potential spatially-targeted ACF interventions.
- Identifying and leveraging these social hubs can enhance TB detection and control efforts.
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