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Alternating Binary Droplets-Based Protocell Networks Driven by Heterogeneous Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation.

Jianing Hu1, Junbo Li1, Jian Liu1

  • 1Center for Innovative Research in Synthetic Chemistry and Resource Utilization, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|March 7, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers created a novel hybrid prototissue using interconnected liquid droplets. This biomimetic system integrates associative and segregative liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) for self-sorting and reactions.

Keywords:
Aqueous two‐phase systemsBiological reactionCoacervateCondensate‐like networkLiquid–liquid phase separation

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Area of Science:

  • Biomimetic Systems and Soft Matter Engineering
  • Origin of Life and Protocell Research

Background:

  • Protissue emergence is key to protolife evolution, driving research into tissue-like networks from artificial cells.
  • Liquid-like networks from liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), particularly heterogeneous LLPS, remain underexplored in biomimetic systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer a novel all-aqueous protocell network using coacervate and aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) droplets.
  • To investigate the integration of associative and segregative LLPS within a binary droplet network.
  • To demonstrate the network's capability for spatial biomacromolecule self-sorting and reaction regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a binary liquid droplet network comprising coacervate and ATPS droplets in an alternating sequence.
  • Leveraging partial droplet engulfment and interfacial tension to form worm-like chain structures.
  • Utilizing the network's capacity for spatial self-sorting of biomacromolecules and reconfigurable enzymatic cascade reactions.

Main Results:

  • Successfully constructed a stable, interconnected binary liquid droplet network exhibiting both associative and segregative LLPS.
  • Demonstrated precise spatial self-sorting of biomacromolecules within segregated droplet domains.
  • Showcased the network's ability to reconfigure and regulate trienzymatic cascade reactions in response to environmental changes.

Conclusions:

  • An all-aqueous network coupling associative and segregative LLPS can be engineered as a hybrid prototissue-like system.
  • This approach offers new insights into designing higher-ordered biomimetic systems using liquid soft matter.
  • The developed protocell network provides a platform for studying compartmentalization and reaction control relevant to early life.