Quantifying lactulose and mannitol using LC-MS/MS in a clinical study of children with environmental enteric disease

L M V C Magalhães1, F A P Rodrigues1,2, J Q Filho1

  • 1Centro de Biomedicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.

Insights

Environmental enteric disease (EED) in children damages the intestinal barrier. A validated LC-MS/MS method accurately measures this damage using the lactulose:mannitol ratio (LM test) in community samples.

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Intestinal epithelium barrier dysfunction (DIEB) is common in early childhood, leading to severe complications, particularly in malnourished children with environmental enteric disease (EED).
  • Accurate diagnosis and intervention are challenging due to limited clinical tools, necessitating advanced analytical techniques.
  • The lactulose:mannitol ratio (LM test) is a key biomarker for DIEB.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To validate a high-performance liquid chromatography method coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for measuring DIEB via the LM test.
  • To assess LM test in children from different socioeconomic backgrounds in Fortaleza, Ceará.
  • To confirm the utility of LC-MS/MS for detecting EED biomarkers in community settings.

Main Methods:

  • Method validation included laboratory parameters: limit of detection (LD), limit of quantification (LQ), specificity, linearity, accuracy, and precision.
  • Community samples were collected from children in Fortaleza, Ceará, categorized by Human Development Index (HDI).
  • The EED group comprised children from low HDI areas (0.000–≤0.499), while the control group was from high HDI areas (>0.8).

Main Results:

  • The LC-MS/MS method validation demonstrated acceptable standards for detection and recovery.
  • Children in the EED group exhibited significantly lower mannitol excretion compared to controls (P<0.0001).
  • The LM ratio was significantly higher in the EED group than in the control group (P<0.0001), indicating increased intestinal permeability.

Conclusions:

  • A robust LC-MS/MS analytical approach was successfully validated for measuring the LM test in community samples.
  • This sensitive method confirmed significant intestinal epithelial barrier damage in populations residing in low socioeconomic conditions.
  • The findings highlight the utility of advanced analytical techniques for diagnosing EED and its impact on intestinal health in vulnerable populations.