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Simplifying morphological indicators: Linking building morphology and microclimate effects through exploratory factor

Zhaoqian Sun1, Bohong Zheng2, Qianli Ouyang1

  • 1School of Architecture and Art, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.

International Journal of Biometeorology
|March 7, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study simplifies complex building morphology indicators into fewer factors, effectively explaining microclimate variations. This approach offers a practical method for understanding urban microclimate regulation.

Keywords:
Building morphologyExploratory factor analysis (EFA)MicroclimateMorphological indicators

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Area of Science:

  • Urban Climatology
  • Architectural Science
  • Environmental Design

Background:

  • Building morphological indicators are crucial for microclimate regulation but are often too complex for practical application.
  • Existing methods lack a simplified, integrated approach to describe building morphology's impact on microclimate.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To simplify multiple building morphological indicators into a reduced set of factors.
  • To demonstrate that these simplified factors adequately represent microclimate effects.
  • To establish a concise method for assessing building morphology's relationship with urban microclimate.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted study in Changsha, China, collecting microclimate and morphological data within 30-200m buffer zones.
  • Utilized Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) on up to 12 morphological indicators.
  • Analyzed factor scores through regression against microclimate indicators (air temperature, humidity, wind speed, etc.).

Main Results:

  • Reduced 6-9 morphological indicators to 1-3 factors, retaining significant information.
  • Factor extraction was influenced by specific indicators and buffer radius.
  • These factors significantly impacted key microclimate variables, including temperature, humidity, wind speed, mean radiant temperature, and the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI).

Conclusions:

  • A simplified set of factors effectively captures the essence of building morphology relevant to microclimate.
  • The study provides a more concise and integrated approach to describing building morphology.
  • Demonstrates a significant relationship between simplified morphological factors and microclimate regulation.