Exosome-Mediated Alveolar Ridge Augmentation: A First Human Case Report with Histology

Exosomes, the smallest subset of extracellular vesicles, play a crucial role in cell signaling and communication throughout the body. Their regenerative potential has sparked tremendous interest, with over 5,000 articles on exosomes published yearly, primarily focused on in vitro and preclinical studies. However, to date, no study has investigated their use in humans for dental applications. In this first case report, horizontal ridge augmentation was performed using a novel combination of bone allografts, platelet-rich fibrin, and a specialized subset of exosomes (Periosomes). Implants were placed at 3 months postsurgery, during which a core biopsy sample was taken for histologic analysis. Additionally, CBCT scans were obtained at 1, 2, 3, and 6 months, revealing marked and progressive bone growth. To the authors' knowledge, this study represents the first documented use of exosomes in human alveolar bone regeneration. This case highlights the promising potential of exosomes in regenerative dentistry, opening new avenues for their application in guided bone re-generation procedures.