Use of Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things, and Edge Intelligence in Long-Term Care for Older People:...

The global aging population poses critical challenges for long-term care (LTC), including workforce shortages, escalating health care costs, and increasing demand for high-quality care. Integrating artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and edge intelligence (EI) offers transformative potential to enhance care quality, improve safety, and streamline operations. However, existing research lacks a comprehensive analysis that synthesizes academic trends, public interest, and deeper insights regarding these technologies.

This study aims to provide a holistic overview of AI, IoT, and EI applications in LTC for older adults through a comprehensive bibliometric analysis, public interest insights from Google Trends, and content analysis of the top-cited research papers.

Bibliometric analysis was conducted using data from Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus to identify key themes and trends in the field, while Google Trends was used to assess public interest. A content analysis of the top 1% of most-cited papers provided deeper insights into practical applications.

A total of 6378 papers published between 2014 and 2023 were analyzed. The bibliometric analysis revealed that the United States, China, and Canada are leading contributors, with strong thematic overlaps in areas such as dementia care, machine learning, and wearable health monitoring technologies. High correlations were found between academic and public interest, in key topics such as "long-term care" (τ=0.89, P<.001) and "caregiver" (τ=0.72, P=.004). The content analysis demonstrated that social robots, particularly PARO, significantly improved mood and reduced agitation in patients with dementia. However, limitations, including small sample sizes, short study durations, and a narrow focus on dementia care, were noted.

AI, IoT, and EI collectively form a powerful ecosystem in LTC settings, addressing different aspects of care for older adults. Our study suggests that increased international collaboration and the integration of emerging themes such as "rehabilitation," "stroke," and "mHealth" are necessary to meet the evolving care needs of this population. Additionally, incorporating high-interest keywords such as "machine learning," "smart home," and "caregiver" can enhance discoverability and relevance for both academic and public audiences. Future research should focus on expanding sample sizes, conducting long-term multicenter trials, and exploring broader health conditions beyond dementia, such as frailty and depression.