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Updated: May 23, 2025
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Transverse Force Distributions in the Proton from Lattice QCD
J A Crawford1, K U Can1, R Horsley2
1The University of Adelaide, CSSM, Department of Physics, Adelaide SA, 5005, Australia.
Physical Review Letters
|March 7, 2025
Summary
This study uses lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD) to map forces within protons, revealing insights into the Sivers asymmetry observed in particle collisions. Understanding these forces is key to unlocking hadron structure at the quark level.
Area of Science:
- Nuclear Physics
- Particle Physics
- Quantum Chromodynamics
Background:
- Single-spin asymmetries in deep-inelastic scattering provide crucial information about hadron structure.
- The Sivers asymmetry, a key observable, requires a fundamental understanding at the quark level within Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD).
Purpose of the Study:
- To perform a lattice QCD calculation of the spatial distribution of color-Lorentz forces acting on a struck quark within a proton.
- To provide a novel perspective on the Sivers asymmetry by analyzing these force distributions.
Main Methods:
- Utilizing lattice QCD, a first-principles computational approach to QCD.
- Calculating the spatial distribution of the color-Lorentz force experienced by a quark inside a proton.
Main Results:
- Determined a spin-independent confining force component.
- Identified spin-dependent force distributions with local forces around 3 GeV/fm.
- These force maps offer a new way to visualize interactions within the proton.
Conclusions:
- The calculated force distributions provide a complementary picture to existing studies of the Sivers asymmetry.
- This work contributes to the non-perturbative understanding of hadron structure and spin phenomena in QCD.
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