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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Topological Phases of Matter
  • Quantum Simulation

Background:

  • Fractional Chern insulator (FCI) phases and their transitions to Mott insulators are well-understood.
  • Continuous transitions between FCIs and superfluids (SFs) lack direct numerical verification, despite theoretical predictions.
  • Existing numerical studies of FCI-SF transitions are indirect or indicate first-order transitions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To numerically demonstrate a continuous transition between bosonic fractional Chern insulator (FCI) phases and superfluid (SF) states.
  • To investigate the nature of the FCI-SF transition by tuning the bandwidth in the Haldane honeycomb lattice model.
  • To provide a direct experimental pathway for realizing topological phases in ultracold atom systems.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Haldane honeycomb lattice model for bosonic systems.
  • Tuned the bandwidth of the flat Chern band to induce phase transitions.
  • Performed finite-size criticality analysis and calculated bipartite entanglement entropy.

Main Results:

  • Observed direct transitions from a bosonic FCI at ν=1/2 filling to two SF states (condensed at M or Γ momenta).
  • Identified a continuous FCI-SF(Γ) transition, distinct from the first-order FCI-SF(M) transition.
  • Calculated critical exponents (β≈0.35(5), ν≈0.62(12)) consistent with the 3D XY universality class.

Conclusions:

  • Presented the first direct numerical demonstration of a continuous transition between a topologically ordered FCI and a symmetry-breaking SF phase.
  • The findings support the possibility of realizing bosonic FCIs from SF states via band flattening in ultracold atom experiments.
  • The observed critical exponents suggest potential connections to both established and exotic universality classes.