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Age-related changes in mediolateral stability control during walking.

Yash Ramesh Rawal1, Kathryn M Sibley2, Jonathan C Singer3

  • 1Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, 102-420 University Crescent, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2M6, Canada.

Gait & Posture
|March 7, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Older adults (OA) maintain mediolateral stability by adjusting foot placement. When foot placement is constrained, OA compensate with delayed ground reaction forces to manage instability during walking.

Keywords:
AgeingBalance controlCentre of massDynamic stabilityGaitKinematicsKinetics

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Gerontology
  • Gait Analysis

Background:

  • Younger adults (YA) use proactive control for mediolateral stability, relying on reactive forces when challenged.
  • This study investigates if older adults (OA) employ similar reactive strategies for stability during walking, especially when proactive control is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine how gait velocity and step width affect mediolateral gait stability in healthy younger (18-35) and older (>65) adults.
  • To compare stability control strategies between age groups under varying walking conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty-eight YA and 28 OA completed normal, fast, and narrow base walking trials.
  • Mediolateral stability was assessed using the minimum margin of stability (MoSML).
  • Ground reaction forces (GRFnet) were analyzed for frontal-plane eccentricity at two peaks (P1, P2).

Main Results:

  • OA showed reduced MoSML and P2 eccentricity in normal and fast walking.
  • No age differences in MoSML were found during narrow base walking.
  • OA exhibited a delayed, increased P2 eccentricity under narrow base conditions, indicating compensatory adjustments.

Conclusions:

  • Older adults prioritize foot placement for mediolateral stability when possible.
  • When foot placement is restricted, OA utilize a delayed reactive force strategy (P2 eccentricity) to maintain stability during double support.
  • Findings suggest age-related differences in gait stability control mechanisms under challenging conditions.