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Updated: May 23, 2025

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Cancer Drug Sensitization In Vitro and In Vivo
Published on: February 6, 2015
The feasibility of using real world data as external control arms in oncology trials
Lishi Lin1, Merel J J Lucassen1, Vincent van der Noort2
1Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Abstract:
Before real world data (RWD)-derived external control arms (ECAs) can be applied in clinical trials within the field of oncology, it must be determined whether these ECAs can function as appropriate and reliable control arms. This review provides an overview of studies in which RWD-derived ECAs were constructed and compared to a randomized clinical trial (RCT) arm. RWD-derived ECAs had similar survival outcomes as the RCT arm of comparison in six of the eight included studies. Therefore, when performing RCTs is not feasible, RWD-derived ECAs can act as control arms in single-arm clinical trials, provided that suitable RWD sources are used and suitable methodological decisions are made.

