Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cerebrospinal Fluid01:21

Cerebrospinal Fluid

1.7K
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a colorless liquid that flows around the brain and the spinal cord, playing a vital role in the protection, support, and overall function of the central nervous system (CNS). CSF production, circulation, and absorption are tightly regulated processes essential for the brain and spinal cord to function properly.
CSF Production
CSF is produced mainly in the choroid plexus, a network of capillaries and ependymal cells located within the ventricular system of the brain....
1.7K
Cranial and Spinal Meninges01:19

Cranial and Spinal Meninges

1.1K
The cranial and spinal meninges are complex protective structures surrounding the central nervous system (CNS), consisting of the brain and spinal cord. These meninges consist of the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater. They protect the CNS, provide structural support, and aid in circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Cranial Meninges
These meningeal layers cover the cranium. The dura mater is the outermost layer of cranial meninges. It is a thick and durable membrane of dense...
1.1K
Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

363
The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
363
Alterations in Blood Pressure01:30

Alterations in Blood Pressure

1.2K
Alterations in blood pressure, such as hypertension (high blood pressure) and hypotension (low blood pressure), significantly affect human health. Understanding these conditions' classifications, causes, and symptoms is essential for effective management and treatment.
Hypertension (High blood pressure)
Hypertension occurs when blood pressure readings consistently exceed the normal range. It is diagnosed when systolic blood pressure (the top number, indicating pressure while the heart...
1.2K
Veins of Head and Neck01:19

Veins of Head and Neck

1.2K
The blood drainage from the head and neck is primarily managed by three pairs of veins: the external jugular, internal jugular, and vertebral veins. The external jugular veins drain superficial scalp and face structures, passing over the sternocleidomastoid muscles to empty into the subclavian veins.
On the other hand, the vertebral veins, unlike their arterial counterparts, are not primarily responsible for brain drainage. Instead, they drain the cervical vertebrae, spinal cord, and some small...
1.2K
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

569
Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
569

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Inhibitor Use in 2018-2023: A Retrospective Cohort Study Across Six Canadian Provinces.

The Canadian journal of neurological sciences. Le journal canadien des sciences neurologiques·2025
Same author

Persistence, switching, and healthcare use after initiating calcitonin gene-related peptide inhibitors: a real-world assessment.

The journal of headache and pain·2025
Same author

The contribution of lumbar puncture opening pressure in the diagnosis of spontaneous intracranial hypotension: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis.

Headache·2025
Same author

Updated Canadian Headache Society Migraine Prevention Guideline with Systematic Review and Meta-analysis - CORRIGENDUM.

The Canadian journal of neurological sciences. Le journal canadien des sciences neurologiques·2025
Same author

Practice advisory for intravenous management of headache disorders in hospitalized patients: a review of the evidence and consensus recommendations.

Regional anesthesia and pain medicine·2025
Same author

The Healthcare Cost of Migraine: A Retrospective Cohort Study from Alberta, Canada.

The Canadian journal of neurological sciences. Le journal canadien des sciences neurologiques·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2025

Intrathecal Application of a Fluorescent Dye for the Identification of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks in Cochlear Malformation
06:59

Intrathecal Application of a Fluorescent Dye for the Identification of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks in Cochlear Malformation

Published on: February 29, 2020

8.1K

Spinal Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks/Intracranial Hypotension.

Farnaz Amoozegar1

  • 1Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology, South Health Campus, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 4448 Front Street Southeast, Calgary, Alberta T3M 1M4, Canada.

Neurosurgery Clinics of North America
|March 7, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Spinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks result from spinal CSF volume loss, presenting with headaches. Diagnosis involves imaging and ruling out other causes, with treatment ranging from conservative measures to targeted therapies for better outcomes.

Keywords:
CSF hypovolemiaIntracranial hypotensionSpinal cerebrospinal fluid leak

More Related Videos

Pre-Chiasmatic, Single Injection of Autologous Blood to Induce Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in a Rat Model
09:14

Pre-Chiasmatic, Single Injection of Autologous Blood to Induce Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in a Rat Model

Published on: June 18, 2021

2.2K
Intracranial Pressure Monitoring In Nontraumatic Intraventricular Hemorrhage Rodent Model
08:18

Intracranial Pressure Monitoring In Nontraumatic Intraventricular Hemorrhage Rodent Model

Published on: February 8, 2022

2.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 23, 2025

Intrathecal Application of a Fluorescent Dye for the Identification of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks in Cochlear Malformation
06:59

Intrathecal Application of a Fluorescent Dye for the Identification of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks in Cochlear Malformation

Published on: February 29, 2020

8.1K
Pre-Chiasmatic, Single Injection of Autologous Blood to Induce Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in a Rat Model
09:14

Pre-Chiasmatic, Single Injection of Autologous Blood to Induce Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in a Rat Model

Published on: June 18, 2021

2.2K
Intracranial Pressure Monitoring In Nontraumatic Intraventricular Hemorrhage Rodent Model
08:18

Intracranial Pressure Monitoring In Nontraumatic Intraventricular Hemorrhage Rodent Model

Published on: February 8, 2022

2.3K

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Spinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks are characterized by CSF volume loss at the spinal level.
  • Causes include spontaneous, traumatic, and iatrogenic factors.
  • Classic presentation involves orthostatic headache, though atypical symptoms are common.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for spinal CSF leaks.
  • To emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and tailored treatment for improved patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Initial evaluation includes thorough patient history, neurological examination, and MRI of the brain and spine to exclude other conditions.
  • Conservative management and non-specific epidural blood patching (EBP) are initial treatment steps.
  • Myelography is employed for precise leak localization if initial treatments fail, guiding targeted therapies.

Main Results:

  • Atypical presentations of spinal CSF leaks can occur, necessitating a comprehensive diagnostic approach.
  • Sequential treatment strategies, from conservative measures to targeted interventions, are effective.
  • Targeted therapies include specific EBP techniques, fibrin glue application, endovascular treatment for CSF-venous fistulas, and surgical options.

Conclusions:

  • Early and accurate diagnosis of spinal CSF leaks is crucial for effective management.
  • A stepwise approach, starting with conservative measures and progressing to targeted interventions based on precise localization, improves patient outcomes.
  • Multidisciplinary management involving neurology, neurosurgery, and radiology is often required for optimal results.