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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Stroke Volume01:27

Regulation of Stroke Volume

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The regulation of stroke volume, which is the amount of blood the heart pumps out during each heartbeat, is critical for maintaining a healthy circulatory system. Stroke volume is influenced by three main factors: preload, contractility, and afterload.
Preload refers to the degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts. It's analogous to the stretching of a rubber band; the more it's stretched, the more forcefully it snaps back. This concept is encapsulated in the Frank-Starling law of the...
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Stroke: Introduction and Types01:29

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A stroke is an acute neurological event caused by the sudden disruption of cerebral blood flow, leading to rapid loss of neuronal function. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief interruptions can cause irreversible injury within minutes. Strokes are classified into ischemic and hemorrhagic types.Ischemic StrokeIschemic strokes are most common and occur due to arterial occlusion, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. This leads to energy failure, ionic...
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Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction01:15

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

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Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.
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Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

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An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
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Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction01:17

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A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
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Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

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A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
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Updated: May 5, 2026

A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia
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Association between SARS-CoV-2 and stroke: perspectives from a metaumbrella-review.

Andreza Maria Luzia Baldo de Souza1, Enoque Fernandes de Araújo2, Nelson Carvas Junior3

  • 1Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba/FOP, departamento de Ciências da Saúde E Odontologia Infantil, Universidade Estadual de Campinas/UNICAMP, Avenida Limeira 901, Bairro Areião, Piracicaba-SP, CEP13414903, Brazil. andrezamlb@gmail.com.

BMC Neurology
|March 7, 2025
PubMed
Summary

The COVID-19 pandemic revealed a significant link between SARS-CoV-2 infection and increased stroke risk. This research confirms COVID-19 as a new risk factor for cerebrovascular diseases, necessitating further investigation.

Keywords:
MetaumbrellaRisk factorsSARS-CoV-2StrokeSystematic review

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Author Spotlight: Assessing Ischemic Stroke Damage Through Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model
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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted potential SARS-CoV-2 complications, including stroke.
  • Investigating SARS-CoV-2 as a risk factor for cerebrovascular diseases is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze the association between SARS-CoV-2 and stroke risk.
  • To assess COVID-19's potential inclusion as a novel risk factor for cerebrovascular diseases.

Main Methods:

  • A meta-umbrella review synthesized findings from 34 systematic reviews.
  • Four high-quality systematic reviews, aggregating 70 primary studies, were selected for final analysis.
  • Statistical analysis included heterogeneity assessment (I² index) and bias verification (Egger's test).

Main Results:

  • COVID-19 severity significantly increased stroke risk (eOR=2.48).
  • Specific risks included ischemic stroke (eOR=1.76) and hemorrhagic stroke (eOR=3.86).
  • Higher mortality was observed in patients with cerebrovascular comorbidities (eOR=2.48) and prior stroke history (eOR=6.08).

Conclusions:

  • A consistent and significant association exists between SARS-CoV-2 infection and stroke incidence.
  • COVID-19 should be recognized as a new risk factor for cerebrovascular diseases.
  • High heterogeneity necessitates further research to solidify this relationship.