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Corruption risks in COVID-19 vaccine deployment: lessons learned for future pandemic preparedness
Gul Saeed1, Jillian Clare Kohler2
1Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA. g.saeed@yale.edu.
Globalization and Health
|March 7, 2025
Summary
Corruption risks in COVID-19 vaccine deployment, including procurement and distribution, were amplified during the pandemic. Enhanced anti-corruption, transparency, and accountability (ACTA) mechanisms are crucial for equitable vaccine access.
Area of Science:
- Global Health Security
- Public Health Policy
- Health Systems Research
Background:
- COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated corruption risks in global health systems, widening health inequities.
- Vaccine procurement and distribution faced heightened corruption risks due to substantial funding, urgency, numerous stakeholders, and inadequate oversight.
Purpose of the Study:
- To conduct a qualitative study exploring corruption risks in the COVID-19 vaccine deployment process.
- To identify specific vulnerabilities and challenges in vaccine procurement and distribution.
Main Methods:
- Descriptive, qualitative study utilizing triangulated data sources (May-August 2022).
- Analysis of 44 academic and grey literature documents.
- 16 key informant interviews with stakeholders involved in the COVAX Facility, donor/recipient countries, and vaccine deployment experts.
Main Results:
- Identified corruption risks including lack of transparency in procurement and COVAX operations, bribery, vaccine theft, and substandard/falsified vaccines.
- Key informants highlighted issues in vaccine pricing, contracts, and civil society exclusion.
- Implemented anti-corruption, transparency, and accountability (ACTA) mechanisms included institutional oversight, blockchain, and civil society engagement.
Conclusions:
- Public health emergencies necessitate agile responses from governments and international organizations.
- The study underscores the urgent need for strengthened ACTA mechanisms to mitigate corruption and ensure equitable access to essential vaccines.
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