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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2025

Using a Murine Model of Psychosocial Stress in Pregnancy as a Translationally Relevant Paradigm for Psychiatric Disorders in Mothers and Infants
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Postnatal Depression Beyond 12 Months: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Elsie Hellyer1, Katrina Nash2, Ellie Jones3

  • 1Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK.

International Journal of Mental Health Nursing
|March 7, 2025
PubMed
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Postnatal depression (PND) affects 15% of women in the second year after childbirth, similar to the first year. This finding highlights the need for continued support beyond 12 months postpartum.

Keywords:
postnatal carepostnatal depressionprevalencesystematic review

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Area of Science:

  • Perinatal Mental Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Postnatal depression (PND) is traditionally defined as occurring within the first year after childbirth.
  • Recent extensions of specialist perinatal mental health services into the second year postpartum necessitate understanding PND prevalence during this period.
  • Existing data on PND prevalence beyond 12 months postpartum is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the best estimate for the prevalence of postnatal depression (PND) in the second year postpartum (13-24 months).
  • To compare the prevalence of PND in the second year postpartum with that in the first year.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies assessing PND prevalence beyond 12 months postpartum.
  • Searches conducted across major databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsychINFO) updated in February 2024.
  • Included studies using validated screening tools or clinical diagnosis, excluding those with pre-existing depression; quality assessed using ROBINS-I and Risk of Bias 2 tools.

Main Results:

  • 32 studies involving 57,210 participants across 18 countries met the inclusion criteria.
  • The prevalence of PND in the second year postpartum (13-24 months) was estimated at 15% (95% CI 12%-17%).
  • This prevalence is similar to the estimated 16% (95% CI 14%-19%) in the first year postpartum.

Conclusions:

  • A significant proportion of women experience postnatal depression (PND) in the second year after birth.
  • The prevalence of PND in the second year postpartum is comparable to that in the first year.
  • Findings support the extension of perinatal mental health services and monitoring for PND beyond the initial 12 months postpartum.