Precision medicine in the management of cardiac arrhythmias

Precision medicine in cardiac electrophysiology tailors diagnosis, treatment, and prevention by integrating genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Unlike traditional, generalized strategies, precision medicine focuses on individual patient characteristics to enhance care. Significant progress has been made, especially in managing channelopathies, where genetic insights now already drive personalized therapies. Identifying specific mutations has clarified molecular mechanisms and enabled targeted interventions, improving outcomes in conditions such as long QT syndrome. The integration of big data from clinical records, omics datasets, and biosignals from devices such as cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) or wearables may be on the verge of revolutionizing the diagnosis of cardiac arrhythmias once again. Progress is also expected in the field of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and in silico modeling, which may overcome the limitations of traditional expression systems for the functional evaluation of patient-specific mutations. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and polygenic risk scores (PRS) provide deeper insights into complex arrhythmogenic disorders, aiding in risk stratification and targeted treatment strategies. Finally, emerging technologies such as CRISPR/Cas9 promise gene editing for inherited and acquired arrhythmias. In summary, precision medicine offers the potential for individualized treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.