The innervation of the primate fungiform papilla--development, distribution and changes following selective ablation

The development of the terminal parts of the chorda tympani nerve, lingual nerve and cranial sympathetics in the macaque fungiform papillae were studied by light- and electron microscopy. Their respective distributions in the intra- and extragemmal compartments of papillae from adult macaques were examined following selective ablation of each nerve. Prior to midgestation, a single bundle of unmyelinated axons which contained numerous axoaxonic synapses passed through the subepithelial connective tissue and ramified in the single nascent chemosensory corpuscle and surrounding non-gustatory epithelium. Following midgestation, additional chemosensory corpuscles appeared, possibly by division of existing corpuscles, myelination of axons was begun, axoaxonic synapses were eliminated, and nerve terminals appeared in the subepithelial connective tissue as free nerve endings and coiled simple nerve endings. In the perinatal period, coiled simple endings, corpuscular receptors and Meissner corpuscles were present in the papilla core. Large numbers of intra-epithelial nerve endings were present in the extragemmal epithelium throughout development. Tonofilament collars ensheathed intra-epithelial axons and 80-100 nm dense core granules, occupying adjacent epithelial cells, appeared to be sequestered near such axons. Experimental selective ablation indicated that the terminal parts of chorda tympani fibers were present only within chemosensory corpuscles. In contrast, lingual nerve endings were present both in the extragemmal epithelium and chemosensory corpuscles and also were the sole supply of corpuscular receptors. Sympathetics appeared to be sparsely distributed in the papilla core. Intra-epithelial axons degenerated within 24 h following transection, while axons with Schwann or lamellar cell sheaths or myelin persisted for at least 3 days.