LncRNAs Orchestrating Neuroinflammation: A Comprehensive Review

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Molecular Biology
• Immunology

Background:

• Central nervous system (CNS) diseases contribute significantly to human morbidity and mortality.
• Neuroinflammation is a common pathological hallmark in various CNS disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease.
• Microglia and astrocytes are crucial glial cells mediating immune responses and inflammation within the CNS.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and elucidate the diverse mechanisms by which long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) regulate neuroinflammation.
• To explore the role of LncRNAs in the pathogenesis of CNS diseases, such as neurodegenerative disorders and traumatic brain injuries.
• To provide a comprehensive understanding of LncRNA-mediated neuroinflammation in the context of CNS disease etiology.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of existing studies on LncRNAs and neuroinflammation.
• Analysis of LncRNA regulatory mechanisms, including miRNA sponge activity and transcriptional modulation.
• Examination of LncRNA involvement in key inflammatory pathways like NF-κB and PI3K/AKT.

Main Results:

• LncRNAs are implicated in orchestrating neuroinflammation through various molecular mechanisms.
• LncRNAs modulate downstream inflammatory signaling pathways critical to CNS disease progression.
• Evidence suggests LncRNAs play a significant role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and CNS injuries via neuroinflammation.

Conclusions:

• LncRNAs represent critical regulators of neuroinflammation in the CNS.
• Understanding LncRNA functions offers insights into the etiology of CNS diseases.
• Targeting LncRNAs may present novel therapeutic strategies for CNS disorders characterized by neuroinflammation.