Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of glutamate receptor-like genes in three Dendrobium species

Glutamate receptor-like (GLRs) genes play essential roles in plant growth and development, and in coping with environmental stresses; however, information on GLR genes in Dendrobium species is lacking. We identified 25 GLR genes in three Dendrobium species, which were classified into three subfamilies based on their phylogenetic relationships. These genes have been relatively conserved during evolution. Analysis of cis-acting elements and Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes annotations revealed the complexity and diversity of GLR gene regulation and functions. Further, gene expression analysis showed that different GLR members exhibited different expression patterns during Dendrobium growth and development, and some were involved in pathogen infection and in response to hormones. These results provide important information on the GLR gene family of Dendrobium, and a foundation for further functional, and trait regulation and improvement studies.