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Superconductor

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A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
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A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...
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Intrinsic semiconductors are highly pure materials with no impurities. At absolute zero, these semiconductors behave as perfect insulators because all the valence electrons are bound, and the conduction band is empty, disallowing electrical conduction. The Fermi level is a concept used to describe the probability of occupancy of energy levels by electrons at thermal equilibrium. In intrinsic semiconductors, the Fermi level is positioned at the midpoint of the energy gap at absolute zero. When...
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Updated: May 23, 2025

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Superconductivity in PrNiO2 Infinite-Layer Nickelates.

Hoshang Sahib1, Aravind Raji2,3, Francesco Rosa4

  • 1Universitè de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPCMS UMR 7504, Strasbourg, F-67034, France.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|March 10, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Undoped infinite-layer PrNiO2 thin films exhibit superconductivity. This finding challenges previous research, suggesting chemical doping isn't essential for superconductivity in these nickelate materials.

Keywords:
RIXSSTEMinfinite‐layer nickelatessuperconductivity

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Superconductivity

Background:

  • Infinite-layer nickelates are a novel class of materials with potential for high-temperature superconductivity.
  • Existing research suggests a dome-shaped phase diagram dependent on chemical doping, similar to cuprates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate superconductivity in undoped infinite-layer PrNiO2 thin films.
  • To characterize the structural and electronic properties of these films.
  • To determine the role of chemical doping in achieving superconductivity.

Main Methods:

  • Growth of high-quality undoped PrNiO2 thin films on SrTiO3 substrates.
  • Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) for structural analysis.
  • X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) for electronic state characterization.
  • Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) for magnetic excitation analysis.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a highly reproducible superconducting state in undoped PrNiO2 films.
  • STEM confirmed a coherent infinite-layer phase with high structural quality and minimal defects.
  • XAS revealed preferential hole occupation of Ni 3d orbitals in a square planar geometry.
  • RIXS detected sharp magnon excitations, resonant with Ni 1+ absorption peaks.

Conclusions:

  • Infinite-layer nickelate thin films can be superconducting without chemical doping when properly stabilized.
  • The findings suggest intrinsic superconductivity in the undoped state, challenging doping-centric models.
  • This work opens new avenues for exploring superconductivity in nickelate systems.