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Development of a Pesticide Labeling Literacy Scale for Thai Rice Farmers: Item Generation and Content Validity

Phiranut Saeneewong Na Ayuttaya1, Nuttaporn Lawthong2, Mark Gregory Robson3

  • 1College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.

Journal of Agromedicine
|March 10, 2025
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Summary

A new 35-item questionnaire effectively measures pesticide labeling literacy in Thai rice farmers. This tool assesses farmers' access, understanding, awareness, analysis, and application of pesticide information, promoting safer agricultural practices.

Keywords:
Occupational exposureThai rice farmerspesticide labeling literacypesticide labeling literacy scalescale development

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Health
  • Toxicology
  • Health Literacy

Background:

  • Pesticide use in rice cultivation presents significant occupational health risks.
  • Limited farmer literacy hinders comprehension of pesticide labels, leading to improper use.
  • A validated method for measuring pesticide labeling literacy was previously lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a valid and reliable questionnaire for assessing pesticide labeling literacy among Thai rice farmers.

Main Methods:

  • Scale development involved literature reviews, expert interviews, and item formulation.
  • Content validity was assessed using Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR).
  • Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) on 400 farmers evaluated reliability and construct validity.

Main Results:

  • The final 35-item scale comprises five components: Access, Understanding, Awareness, Analysis, and Application.
  • The scale demonstrated strong content validity (CVI/CVR), suitable item difficulty and discrimination, and acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.896).
  • Confirmatory Factor Analysis confirmed the model's good fit with empirical data.

Conclusions:

  • The 35-item questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing pesticide labeling literacy in Thai rice farmers.
  • This scale can effectively evaluate farmers' comprehension and application of pesticide label information.
  • The tool supports targeted interventions to improve safe pesticide handling and reduce health risks.