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Translucency of CAD-CAM Resin Composite Blocks: A Scoping Review.
Mauro Mandurino1, Carlo Massimo Saratti2, Carlotta Diana1
1Dental School, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy.
Summary
The translucency of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) resin composite blocks decreases with increasing thickness. Material composition and filler size significantly impact translucency, crucial for selecting dental restoration materials.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Biomaterials Engineering
- Dental Materials Science
Background:
- Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) resin composite blocks (RCB) are widely used for dental restorations.
- The esthetic outcome of restorations is significantly influenced by the translucency of CAD-CAM materials.
- Understanding factors affecting translucency is critical for material selection and achieving optimal clinical results.
Purpose of the Study:
- To conduct a scoping review evaluating factors that influence the translucency of CAD-CAM resin composite blocks (CAD-CAM RCB).
- To synthesize current evidence on the relationship between material properties, dimensions, and translucency.
- To provide insights for clinicians in selecting appropriate CAD-CAM materials for esthetic dental restorations.
Main Methods:
- A systematic literature search was performed across four major databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science) following PRISMA-ScR guidelines.
- Search terms included "translucency," "contrast ratio," "CAD-CAM," and various material descriptors.
- Inclusion criteria focused on in vitro studies measuring translucency (TP or CR) of CAD-CAM RCBs using spectrophotometry.
Main Results:
- Fifteen studies were included, investigating eleven different composite blocks, with Cerasmart and Lava Ultimate being frequently analyzed.
- Specimen thickness ranged from 0.5 to 3 mm, with 1 mm being the most common.
- Translucency demonstrated a negative exponential decrease with increasing thickness and was influenced by filler size, opacifiers, and refractive index consistency.
Conclusions:
- A significant negative exponential relationship exists between CAD-CAM RCB thickness and translucency.
- The chemical composition and filler size are primary determinants of the material's translucency.
- Clinicians should consider material thickness and composition for optimal esthetics, especially when masking ability is required, noting CAD-CAM RCBs offer higher translucency than materials like lithium disilicate, PICN, and zirconia.
