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Antibody Response to Covishield and Covaxin in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Neha Manhas1, Shyam Bihari Bansal1, Amit Kumar Mahapatra1
1Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Medanta Institute of Kidney and Urology, Medanta-The Medicity, Gurugram, Haryana, India.
Background:
The COVID-19 pandemic had a major impact on solid organ transplant recipients. COVID-19 vaccination plays a crucial role in pandemic management.There is limited data on replication-defective viral vectors [ChAdOx1-nCOV (COVISHIELDTM)] and whole inactivated one BBV-152 (COVAXINTM) in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). This study aims to assess the humoral immune response and adverse effects of these vaccines in KTRs after the first and second doses of vaccination.
Materials And Methods:
Anti-SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike antibody titers were measured in 285 KTRs recipients prior to vaccination, 3 weeks ± 3 days after first dose and 3 weeks ± 3 days after second dose of the COVISHIELD (n = 232) and COVAXIN (n = 55) vaccines. Anti-spike antibodies were measured by the chemiluminescence immunoassay method. The primary outcome was seroconversion after two doses of COVAXIN and COVISHIELD and secondary outcome was the incidence of adverse events to COVID-19 vaccines within one week of vaccination.
Results:
At baseline, 25 (39.7%) and 67 (30.2%) of KTRs were found to be seropositive before receiving COVAXINTM and COVISHIELDTM, respectively. After first dose of vaccination, 46 (73.0%) and 158 (71.2%) were seropositive and after second dose, 51 (81.0%) and 177 (79.7%) were seropositive, respectively. Common adverse effects were fever, chills, myalgia, and headache which settled in 1-2 days. There was no episode of rejection.
Conclusion:
Both ChAdOx1-nCOV and BBV-152 were well tolerated and induced robust antibody formation in KTRs in the Indian population.
Insights
COVID-19 vaccines (COVISHIELD and COVAXIN) showed good immune response in kidney transplant recipients. Both vaccines were well-tolerated, with mild side effects, and induced significant antibody formation after two doses.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Vaccinology
- Transplant Medicine
Background:
- COVID-19 significantly impacts solid organ transplant recipients.
- Limited data exists on viral vector (COVISHIELD) and inactivated (COVAXIN) vaccines in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs).
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the humoral immune response to COVISHIELD and COVAXIN vaccines in KTRs.
- To evaluate adverse effects of these COVID-19 vaccines in KTRs.
Main Methods:
- 285 KTRs had anti-SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike antibody titers measured before and after two doses of COVISHIELD or COVAXIN.
- Antibody levels were determined using chemiluminescence immunoassay.
- Primary outcome was seroconversion; secondary outcome was adverse events within one week.
Main Results:
- Seropositivity increased from baseline (30.2-39.7%) to after the second dose (79.7-81.0%) for both vaccines.
- Common adverse effects included fever, chills, myalgia, and headache, resolving within 1-2 days.
- No vaccine-related rejection episodes were observed in KTRs.
Conclusions:
- COVISHIELD (ChAdOx1-nCOV) and COVAXIN (BBV-152) are well-tolerated in Indian KTRs.
- Both vaccines effectively induce robust antibody formation in kidney transplant recipients.
