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MicroRNAs in diabetes mellitus

P Shaik Syed Ali1, Md Parwez Ahmad1, K M Huria Parveen1

  • 1School of Medicine, The Maldives National University, Malé, Maldives.

Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders
|March 10, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Altered microRNAs, non-coding RNAs, epigenetic factors, and gut microbiota contribute to diabetes mellitus and its complications. Targeting these factors collectively may improve patient outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent chronic disease with increasing complications like nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs regulating gene expression; their dysregulation is linked to diabetes and insulin resistance.
  • Other non-coding RNAs, epigenetic factors, and gut microbiota also play roles in diabetes development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of non-coding RNAs, epigenetic factors, and gut microbiota in diabetes mellitus.
  • To highlight the potential of circulating non-coding RNAs as biomarkers for diagnosis and therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific literature on non-coding RNAs, epigenetics, and gut microbiota in diabetes.
  • Analysis of evidence linking dysregulated gene expression and molecular pathways to diabetes pathogenesis.

Main Results:

  • Altered miRNA expression is implicated in insulin resistance and diabetes complications.
  • Long non-coding RNAs, circular RNAs, epigenetic modifications, and gut microbiota alterations contribute to disease progression.
  • Stable circulating non-coding RNAs show promise as diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers.

Conclusions:

  • Diabetes mellitus involves a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors, including non-coding RNAs, epigenetics, and gut microbiota.
  • A comprehensive approach targeting these multiple factors is crucial for effective diabetes management and improved clinical outcomes.
Keywords:
Diabetes mellitusDiabetic complicationsMicroRNANon-coding RNA

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