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MicroRNAs in diabetes mellitus
P Shaik Syed Ali1, Md Parwez Ahmad1, K M Huria Parveen1
1School of Medicine, The Maldives National University, Malé, Maldives.
Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders
|March 10, 2025
Summary
Altered microRNAs, non-coding RNAs, epigenetic factors, and gut microbiota contribute to diabetes mellitus and its complications. Targeting these factors collectively may improve patient outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
Background:
- Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent chronic disease with increasing complications like nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy.
- MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs regulating gene expression; their dysregulation is linked to diabetes and insulin resistance.
- Other non-coding RNAs, epigenetic factors, and gut microbiota also play roles in diabetes development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the role of non-coding RNAs, epigenetic factors, and gut microbiota in diabetes mellitus.
- To highlight the potential of circulating non-coding RNAs as biomarkers for diagnosis and therapy.
Main Methods:
- Review of current scientific literature on non-coding RNAs, epigenetics, and gut microbiota in diabetes.
- Analysis of evidence linking dysregulated gene expression and molecular pathways to diabetes pathogenesis.
Main Results:
- Altered miRNA expression is implicated in insulin resistance and diabetes complications.
- Long non-coding RNAs, circular RNAs, epigenetic modifications, and gut microbiota alterations contribute to disease progression.
- Stable circulating non-coding RNAs show promise as diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers.
Conclusions:
- Diabetes mellitus involves a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors, including non-coding RNAs, epigenetics, and gut microbiota.
- A comprehensive approach targeting these multiple factors is crucial for effective diabetes management and improved clinical outcomes.
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