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Related Concept Videos

Assembly of Cytoskeletal Filaments01:18

Assembly of Cytoskeletal Filaments

Cytoskeletal filaments are polymeric forms of smaller protein subunits. However, individual cytoskeletal filaments may easily disassemble or associate with other similar filaments to form rigid structures. Microfilaments, made of actin monomers, rely on actin-binding proteins to form bundles and create networks of individual actin filaments. Microtubules rely on microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) to form sturdy cylindrical structures. However, the proteins involved in forming complex...
Assembly of Complex Microtubule Structures01:32

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Complex microtubule structures are present in resting cells and in dividing cells. In resting cells, they are responsible for maintaining the cellular architecture, tracks for intracellular transport, positioning of organelles, assembly of cilia and flagella. They mediate the bipolar spindle assembly for chromosomal segregation and positioning of the cell division plate in dividing cells. The formation of microtubule complex structures depends on the cell type, cell stage, and cell function.
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Mechanism of Filopodia Formation

Filopodia are thin, actin-rich cellular protrusions that play an important role in many fundamental cellular functions. They vary in their occurrence, length, and positioning in different cell types, suggesting their diverse roles.
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Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration

A migrating cell changes its shape during the cyclic events of attachment and detachment from the substratum and repositions the cell organelles correspondingly. These complex events are orchestrated by the dynamic cytoskeletal network comprising actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Cytoskeletal crosstalk — the direct and indirect communication between the different components — is crucial for this coordination. Direct communication involves various linker proteins that...

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Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Initial 3D Cell Cluster Control in a Hybrid Gel Cube Device for Repeatable Pattern Formations
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AggreBots: configuring CiliaBots through guided, modular tissue aggregation.

D Bhatttaram1, K Golestan1, X Zhang1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|March 10, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Engineered CiliaBots (CiliaBot Building Blocks) can be aggregated to create designer biobots with controlled motility. This novel platform enables precise control over shape and cilia distribution for predictable movement.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Synthetic Biology

Background:

  • Ciliated biobots (CiliaBots) exhibit self-actuated motility via external cilia.
  • Motility patterns correlate with CiliaBot morphology and cilia distribution.
  • Predictable control over CiliaBot motility remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Develop a novel Aggregated CiliaBot (AggreBot) platform for designer motility patterns.
  • Achieve precise control over biobot geometry and active cilia distribution.
  • Investigate the potential of AggreBots for controlled biological self-propulsion.

Main Methods:

  • Spatially controlled aggregation of human airway cell spheroids (CiliaBot Building Blocks or CBBs).
  • Guided aggregation to form rod-, triangle-, and diamond-shaped AggreBots.
  • Utilized CBBs with immotile cilia (CCDC39 gene mutation) for hybrid AggreBots.

Main Results:

  • AggreBots demonstrated greater motility than single-spheroid CiliaBots.
  • AggreBots maintained internal boundaries post-aggregation.
  • Hybrid AggreBots allowed precision control over active cilia coverage and distribution, enhancing motility control.

Conclusions:

  • The AggreBot platform enables the creation of bio-actuated tissues with configurable geometry and cilia distribution.
  • AggreBots offer a method for predictable control over bio-inspired motility.
  • This approach establishes morphological "levers" for planning and verifying alterations in tissue motility.