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Bacterial Cellulose Spheres that Encapsulate Solid Materials

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Sulfonated Cellulose: A Strategy for Effective Methylene Blue Sequestration.

Mustafa Toy¹, Yaşar Kemal Recepoğlu², Özgür Arar¹

¹Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35040, Türkiye.

|March 10, 2025

Summary

Sulfonated cellulose effectively removes methylene blue (MB) dye from water. This eco-friendly biosorbent is highly efficient, regenerable, and works rapidly through ion exchange mechanisms.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Environmental Chemistry
Adsorption Science

Background:

Methylene blue (MB) is a common pollutant in industrial wastewater.
Developing efficient and sustainable adsorbents for dye removal is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate sulfonated cellulose as a biosorbent for methylene blue (MB) removal.
To characterize the modified cellulose and evaluate its sorption performance, kinetics, and thermodynamics.

Main Methods:

Sulfonation modification of cellulose.
Characterization using FTIR and SEM.
Sorption experiments to determine optimal conditions, kinetics, and isotherm fitting (Langmuir model).
Thermodynamic analysis and regeneration studies.

Main Results:

Optimal sorbent dosage: 0.05 g.
High MB removal efficiency (>99%) achieved between pH 3-7.
Rapid sorption kinetics (99% removal in 3 min).
Langmuir model indicated a maximum sorption capacity of 37.65 mg/g.
Spontaneous and exothermic sorption process (ΔG° < 0, ΔH° = -33.5 kJ/mol).
Effective regeneration using 0.2 M HCl and ethanol, maintaining >99% efficiency after three cycles.

Conclusions:

Sulfonated cellulose is a highly efficient and regenerable biosorbent for MB removal.
The -SO3- groups facilitate MB sorption via ion exchange and hydrogen bonding.
The study provides insights into the sorption mechanisms and potential applications of modified cellulose.