Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

An In Vitro Model for Measuring Immune Responses to Malaria in the Context of HIV Co-infection
08:14

An In Vitro Model for Measuring Immune Responses to Malaria in the Context of HIV Co-infection

Published on: October 6, 2015

10.2K

Apolipoprotein A1 Gene Polymorphism and Its Association With TNF-Alpha and Interleukin-6 Levels in Uncomplicated

Bose E Orimadegun1, Adedayo O Faneye2, Georgina N Odaibo2

  • 1Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.

American Journal of Medical Sciences and Medicine
|March 10, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1) levels are linked to malaria severity in Nigerian children. Lower APOA1 correlates with higher parasite counts, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target for malaria.

Area of Science:

  • Genetics and Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Malaria, particularly Plasmodium falciparum, poses a significant health burden in sub-Saharan Africa, disproportionately affecting children.
  • Host genetic factors influence malaria susceptibility and severity, with apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1) showing potential immunomodulatory roles.
  • Understanding the interplay between APOA1 gene polymorphisms, APOA1 levels, and inflammatory responses is crucial for malaria management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association of APOA1 gene polymorphisms (G-75A and C+83T) with APOA1 levels and inflammatory markers in Nigerian children with malaria.
  • To evaluate the relationship between APOA1 levels, inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-6), and Plasmodium falciparum parasite burden.
  • To explore gender-specific differences in these associations.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study involving 76 children with malaria and 45 healthy controls.
  • Genotyping of APOA1 G-75A and C+83T polymorphisms using PCR-RFLP.
  • Measurement of serum APOA1, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels via immunoturbidimetric and ELISA assays.

Main Results:

  • High frequencies of wild-type APOA1 alleles (GG and CC) were observed; no homozygous mutants.
  • Significant differences in APOA1, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels between malaria patients and controls.
  • APOA1 levels negatively correlated with parasite counts (r = -0.272, p = 0.018), while TNF-α (r = 0.417, p = 0.001) and IL-6 (r = 0.279, p = 0.017) positively correlated, indicating APOA1's role as a negative acute-phase reactant.
  • Gender-specific analyses showed stronger inflammatory responses in males.

Conclusions:

  • APOA1 may serve as a negative acute-phase reactant and a potential biomarker in Plasmodium falciparum malaria.
  • The study highlights the influence of genetic variations and inflammatory markers on malaria disease severity.
  • Findings suggest APOA1 as a potential therapeutic target and inform personalized malaria management strategies.

Keywords:
Nigerian childrenapolipoprotein A1gene polymorphisminflammationinterleukin-6malariatumor necrosis factor-alpha

More Related Videos

Methods to Investigate the Regulatory Role of Small RNAs and Ribosomal Occupancy of Plasmodium falciparum10:22

Methods to Investigate the Regulatory Role of Small RNAs and Ribosomal Occupancy of Plasmodium falciparum

Published on: December 4, 2015

8.8K
Measuring Naturally Acquired Phagocytosis-Inducing Antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum Parasites by a Flow Cytometry-Based Assay09:57

Measuring Naturally Acquired Phagocytosis-Inducing Antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum Parasites by a Flow Cytometry-Based Assay

Published on: August 6, 2020

6.3K

Related Concept Videos

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu01:29

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu

Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...
Pharmacogenetics of Phase II Enzymes: N-acetyltransferase, Thiopurine S-methyltransferase, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase01:27

Pharmacogenetics of Phase II Enzymes: N-acetyltransferase, Thiopurine S-methyltransferase, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase

Phase II biotransformation reactions are essential for detoxifying and eliminating xenobiotics, including many pharmaceutical compounds. These reactions typically involve conjugation, the covalent attachment of polar endogenous groups such as glucuronic acid, sulfate, methyl, or acetyl moieties to functional groups introduced during Phase I metabolism. The resulting conjugates are more water-soluble, enabling efficient renal or biliary excretion.The major classes of Phase II enzymes include...
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase01:11

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase

Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...
Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets01:29

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets

Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...
Malaria01:29

Malaria

Malaria pathogenesis in humans reflects a delicate interplay between parasite biology and host response. Clinical illness reflects a host’s immune response to the parasite’s asexual replication cycle, which is often asymptomatic in individuals with partial immunity. From the parasite's perspective, transmission between mosquito and human with minimal host pathology is evolutionarily advantageous. Among the six Plasmodium species infecting humans, P. falciparum and P. vivax dominate in global...