Idiopathic Concurrent Pulmonary Embolism and Pulmonary Vein Thrombosis: A Rare Entity

The concurrent presence of pulmonary embolism (PE) and pulmonary vein thrombosis (PVT) is an extremely rare entity, as there is not much evidence in the literature. PVT is frequently associated with lung transplants or surgery. We describe two cases of idiopathic concurrent PE and PVT with a literature review to highlight the challenges of management and evaluation of these cases. The first case describes a young female who presented with lower limb venous thrombosis with a subsequent course of PE and PVT. Despite extensive investigations, no underlying cause was identified. The second case involves a middle-aged female with recurrent PE and a new PVT. Both patients were started on long-term anticoagulation therapy due to the recurrent nature and severity of their disease.  This case series highlights the challenges associated with the management and evaluation of this rare clinical entity. Further research is needed for a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms and optimal treatment.