Radiation-Induced Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma in Thyroid: A Rare Occurrence

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Radiotherapy
• Thyroid Cancer

Background:

• Radiation-induced sarcomas are rare but serious long-term complications of radiotherapy.
• Thyroid sarcomas are exceptionally uncommon, with few documented cases.
• Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) treatment often involves chemoradiation, a known risk factor for secondary malignancies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To report a rare case of radiation-induced sarcoma in the thyroid gland.
• To highlight the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges associated with secondary thyroid sarcomas.
• To discuss the management of non-resectable thyroid tumors.

Main Methods:

• Case presentation of a 53-year-old female.
• Review of medical history including chemoradiation for esophageal SCC.
• Clinical and radiological assessment for tumor resectability.
• Treatment planning with chemotherapy (doxorubicin).

Main Results:

• A 53-year-old female developed a non-resectable thyroid sarcoma 7 years post-esophageal chemoradiation.
• Carotid artery encasement precluded surgical intervention.
• Chemotherapy with doxorubicin was initiated as the primary treatment modality.

Conclusions:

• Radiation-induced thyroid sarcoma is a rare but critical secondary malignancy to consider after radiotherapy.
• Multidisciplinary management is essential for non-resectable tumors.
• Chemotherapy remains a key treatment option for advanced or unresectable cases.