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Normal and Tangetial Components: Problem Solving01:24

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Consider a man with a mass of 70 kg seated in a chair connected to a pin support through a member BC. If the man maintains an upright position, the task is to determine the horizontal and vertical reactions of the chair on the man when the member makes a 45° angle with the horizontal. At this moment, the man has a speed of 5 m/s, increasing at a rate of 1 m/s².
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2025

The Impact of Motor Task Conditions on Goal-Directed Arm Reaching Kinematics and Trunk Compensation in Chronic Stroke Survivors
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Postural factors contributing to reaching speed and accuracy.

Nicole J Chimera1, Sarah Bohunicky2, Cheryl Glazebrook2

  • 1Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, Canada.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics : JOSE
|March 10, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Faulty postures and muscle co-activation impact occupational reaching performance. Understanding these factors, like forward shoulder posture (FSP) and trapezius muscle activation, can help prevent workplace injuries.

Keywords:
co-activationforward shoulder posturemuscle activationpectoral length

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Occupational Health
  • Ergonomics

Background:

  • Faulty postures during occupational reaching tasks can lead to inefficient movement patterns and potential injuries.
  • Understanding the interplay between posture and muscle activation is crucial for identifying injury risks in workers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the predictive relationships between postural factors, muscle activation, and forward reaching performance and accuracy.
  • To determine how specific postural variables and muscle co-activation influence movement outcomes in occupational reaching tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed forward shoulder posture (FSP), pectoral length, upper (UT), middle (MT), and lower trapezius (LT), and pectoralis major (PM) muscle activation in 56 individuals.
  • Assessed UT:PM, MT:PM, and LT:PM co-activation during forward reaching tasks.
  • Utilized sequential linear regression to analyze reaching variance.

Main Results:

  • In females, FSP, UT activation, and UT:PM co-activation predicted 36% of reaction time (RT) variance; MT:PM co-activation predicted 14% of endpoint accuracy variance.
  • In males, MT:PM co-activation predicted 17% of movement time (MvT) variance; FSP, MT:PM co-activation, and MT predicted 23% of accuracy variance.
  • Increased muscle co-activation predicted movement performance, with differing outcome variables (MvT vs. RT) between sexes.

Conclusions:

  • Muscle co-activation, forward shoulder posture (FSP), and posterior shoulder muscle activation significantly influence reaching performance variance.
  • Practitioners should consider evaluating these muscle activation and postural factors in occupational reaching assessments.
  • Findings suggest sex-specific differences in how postural and muscle activation factors predict reaching performance.