A limited global perspective on what makes anatomical public engagement good or bad

Anatomical public engagement has the potential to enhance anatomical literacy and patient-provider communication. However, the lack of consensus on effective practices, ethical considerations, and cultural sensitivities poses challenges for anatomists conducting outreach events. This study aimed to explore these issues by examining the international landscape of anatomical public engagement. A multi-language, online survey was distributed to anatomists worldwide with the help of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA), asking open-ended questions about their experiences and perspectives on good and bad public engagement practices, appropriate resources, cultural and accessibility considerations, and training needs. Responses from 50 participants across various continents were analyzed using inductive semantic thematic analysis. Eight major themes were identified, revealing problematic practices, considerations for designing effective outreach, and the importance of adapting outreach to audiences-all of which were underpinned by a need for more guidance. Respondents emphasized the importance of respectful and educational demonstrations, expressed varied opinions on the use of human and animal tissues, and highlighted the need to consider cultural norms and accessibility. Interactive, hands-on experiences were favored over didactic engagement methods. The findings highlight the need for establishing defined standards, ethical frameworks, and training programs to support anatomists in delivering inclusive and culturally aware outreach activities. Future research should explore public perspectives on effective anatomy engagement and address the identified gaps in training and resources. This study provides valuable insights for developing such guidelines and training programs to promote effective and ethical public engagement in anatomy.