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This study introduces a Remote Physical Collaborative Extended Reality (RPC-XR) system for remote collaboration. While enhancing empathy, the system requires usability improvements for optimal effectiveness in shared virtual spaces.

Area of Science:

Human-Computer Interaction
Virtual Reality
Collaborative Systems

Background:

Spatial immersive technologies offer novel remote collaboration methods but require further research for enhanced effectiveness and usability.
Remote Physical Collaborative Extended Reality (RPC-XR) aims to facilitate remote assistance in physical tasks.
Existing systems often necessitate complex setup and environmental instrumentation.

Purpose of the Study:

To present and evaluate a novel RPC-XR system designed for lightweight, real-time capture and rendering of physical environments.
To assess the system's impact on interpersonal communication, mutual awareness, task load, usability, and task performance compared to a 2D video application.
To gather user feedback for future system enhancements.

Main Methods:

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Development of a lightweight RPC-XR system featuring real-time environment capture, transmission, and rendering (<250ms).
Implementation of verbal and non-verbal communication via avatars with hand, head, eye tracking, and voice.
Conducting a cascading user study comparing the RPC-XR system against a commercial 2D video application during a network hardware assembly task.
Measurement of mutual awareness, task load, usability, task performance, and perception of remote environments using an adapted Uncanny Valley questionnaire.

Main Results:

The RPC-XR system fostered better empathy between remote collaborators.
A higher cognitive load and lower, yet acceptable, usability were reported by remote users.
No significant differences in task performance were observed between the RPC-XR system and the 2D video application.
The system achieved real-time capture, transmission, and rendering of environments in under 250ms.

Conclusions:

The developed RPC-XR system shows promise for enhancing remote collaboration, particularly in fostering empathy.
User feedback indicates a need for improvements in usability and cognitive load management.
The system's lightweight design and real-time capabilities are encouraging for future iterations.
Further research and development are warranted to optimize the performance and user experience of RPC-XR systems.