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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2025

Dissection, Culture and Analysis of Primary Cranial Neural Crest Cells from Mouse for the Study of Neural Crest Cell Delamination and Migration
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Cell extrusion drives neural crest cell delamination.

Emma L Moore Zajic1, Ruonan Zhao1,2, Mary C McKinney1

  • 1Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|March 10, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Neural crest cells (NCC) in mice are extruded from the neuroepithelium before completing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This live cell extrusion, driven by PIEZO1, reveals new mechanisms for NCC delamination in development.

Keywords:
cell extrusiondelaminationepithelial to mesenchymal transitionmouse embryoneural crest cells

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Neural crest cells (NCC) are crucial for vertebrate development, contributing to diverse tissues.
  • NCC delamination typically involves an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), but mechanisms in mammals remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms of NCC delamination in mammalian embryos.
  • To elucidate the role of physical forces and specific molecular pathways in NCC exit from the neuroepithelium.

Main Methods:

  • Time-lapse imaging of mouse embryos to observe NCC delamination.
  • High-magnification imaging and protein localization to analyze cytoskeletal dynamics.
  • Measurements of cellular pressure and tension during NCC extrusion.

Main Results:

  • Identified a subpopulation of NCC extruded as round cells before acquiring mesenchymal characteristics.
  • Demonstrated that NCC extrusion precedes full EMT completion.
  • Showed that cranial NCC extrusion is mediated by the mechanosensitive ion channel PIEZO1.

Conclusions:

  • Mammalian NCC delamination involves a live cell extrusion pathway, distinct from or parallel to EMT.
  • Physical forces like cell density, pressure, and tension activate this extrusion pathway.
  • Findings have implications for understanding cell delamination in both normal development and disease.