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Conundrum of Acute Liver Failure
Battu Sai Vishnu1, B Sai Surya Teja, I Lavanya Sri
1Department of General Medicine, Dr. Pinnamaneni Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Foundation, Krishna, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Annals of African Medicine
|March 10, 2025
Summary
This case highlights a young male with acute liver failure (ALF) caused by a combination of malaria, drug-induced liver injury (DILI), and Hepatitis A. Early diagnosis and management of multiple contributing factors are crucial for improving outcomes in ALF.
Area of Science:
- Hepatology
- Infectious Diseases
- Toxicology
Background:
- Acute liver failure (ALF) presents a significant clinical challenge with diverse etiologies.
- Co-existing infections and toxic exposures can complicate the diagnosis and management of ALF.
- Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria are endemic in many regions, posing a risk for hepatic involvement.
Purpose of the Study:
- To present a complex case of ALF in a young adult.
- To investigate the multifactorial causes contributing to severe liver dysfunction.
- To emphasize the importance of a comprehensive diagnostic approach in ALF.
Main Methods:
- Case report of a 20-year-old male presenting with fever, myalgia, and jaundice.
- Diagnostic workup included tests for malaria, viral hepatitis, and assessment for drug-induced liver injury (DILI).
- Evaluation of potential hepatotoxicity from prescribed medications and herbal supplements.
Main Results:
- The patient was diagnosed with Plasmodium falciparum / Plasmodium vivax malaria and Hepatitis A.
- Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) was identified, attributed to prescribed medications and herbal supplements.
- The combination of malaria, DILI, and viral hepatitis led to severe hepatic dysfunction and ALF.
Conclusions:
- Acute liver failure can result from a confluence of infectious, toxic, and environmental factors.
- A thorough investigation is essential to identify all contributing etiologies in ALF cases.
- Integrated management strategies addressing all causative agents are vital for patient recovery.
Keywords:
Acute liver failureInsuffisance hépatique aiguëatteinte hépatotoxique médicamenteusedrug-induced liver injuryhepatitishépatitepaludismetoxicité des plantes médicinalesMore Related Videos
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