Biolistic Inoculation of Plants with Geminivirus Infectious Clones

The propagation of viruses in laboratory-controlled conditions is an essential step in studying viruses' molecular and biological properties. For geminiviruses, the main methods of inoculation are agroinoculation and biolistics. Here, we describe the protocol for inoculating self-ligated cloned geminivirus inserts into plants using particle bombardment. This method is convenient for the characterization of the cloned virus, as the exact clones used for sequence analysis can be used for the inoculation of the plants.