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Related Concept Videos

Precipitation Processes01:12

Precipitation Processes

363
The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
363
Precipitation Gravimetry01:03

Precipitation Gravimetry

4.6K
Precipitation gravimetry is based on converting an analyte into a sparingly soluble precipitate, which is separated by filtration and weighed. An ideal precipitate should be pure, insoluble, of known composition, and easily filtered from the reaction mixture.
In determining nickel by gravimetric analysis, a precipitant of ethanolic dimethylglyoxime is added to a hot nickel salt solution. This is quickly followed by the dropwise addition of dilute ammonia solution until precipitation occurs. A...
4.6K
Variation of Atmospheric Pressure01:18

Variation of Atmospheric Pressure

2.0K
Change in atmospheric pressure with height is particularly interesting. The decrease in atmospheric pressure with increasing altitude is due to the decreasing gravitational force per unit area as we move away from the surface of the earth.
Assuming the air temperature is constant at a given altitude and that the ideal gas law of thermodynamics describes the atmosphere to a good approximation, one can find the variation of atmospheric pressure with height.
Let p(y) be the atmospheric pressure at...
2.0K
Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution: Problem Solving01:20

Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution: Problem Solving

1.4K
Individual molecules in a gas move in random directions, but a gas containing numerous molecules has a predictable distribution of molecular speeds, which is known as the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, f(v).
This distribution function f(v) is defined by saying that the expected number N (v1,v2) of particles with speeds between v1 and v2 is given by
1.4K
Methods of Obtaining Topography01:25

Methods of Obtaining Topography

40
Topography involves measuring and mapping land elevations, natural features, and artificial structures to create accurate representations of the terrain. Topographic surveying relies on traditional and modern methods, each with distinct advantages and limitations.Traditional Surveying Methods:Transit stadia surveys and plane table surveys were widely used traditional surveying methods. These techniques relied on instruments like theodolites and stadia rods for measuring distances and angles,...
40
Precipitation and Co-precipitation01:17

Precipitation and Co-precipitation

1.6K
Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
1.6K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2025

Using High Resolution Computed Tomography to Visualize the Three Dimensional Structure and Function of Plant Vasculature
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3D volumetric tomography of clouds using machine learning for climate analysis.

Roi Ronen1, Ilan Koren2, Aviad Levis3,4

  • 1Viterbi Faculty of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.

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|March 11, 2025
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Scientists developed a new method for 3D cloud mapping using machine learning and nano-satellites. This breakthrough improves climate prediction and renewable energy forecasting by detailing cloud structures.

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Area of Science:

  • Atmospheric Science
  • Climate Science
  • Remote Sensing

Background:

  • Accurate climate prediction is hindered by challenges in mapping cloud structures.
  • Shallow scattered clouds are crucial for climate but difficult to map in 3D due to their heterogeneous internal structure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel method for 3D mapping of cloud internal structures.
  • To overcome limitations in observing heterogeneous cloud volumes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a constellation of ten nano-satellites in formation for simultaneous multi-angle observation.
  • Combined machine learning algorithms with space engineering techniques.
  • Recovered the 3D internal structure of shallow scattered clouds from observational data.

Main Results:

  • Successfully demonstrated the first-ever 3D mapping of scatterers within clouds.
  • Derived key statistics and uncertainty measures from the recovered 3D cloud structures.
  • Validated the method using real-world observational data.

Conclusions:

  • The developed technique enables unprecedented 3D mapping of shallow scattered clouds.
  • This advancement provides crucial data for improving climate models and precipitation prediction.
  • The findings have significant implications for renewable energy forecasting.