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Postbiotics and Dental Caries: A Systematic Review
Faezeh Heidari1, Artak Heboyan2,3,4, Dinesh Rokaya5,6
1Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
Postbiotics show promise for preventing dental caries by inhibiting harmful bacteria and improving oral health. These compounds offer advantages in safety and stability over probiotics for use in oral care products.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Dental Science
- Oral Health
Background:
- Dental caries remains a significant global health issue.
- Current prevention strategies have limitations.
- Novel therapeutic agents are needed for caries management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review evidence on postbiotics for dental caries prevention.
- To evaluate postbiotic effectiveness, mechanisms, dosages, and administration.
- To compare postbiotics with probiotics in oral care.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature search of major databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library).
- Inclusion of diverse study designs: RCTs, quasi-experimental, observational, and in vitro studies.
- Qualitative synthesis due to study heterogeneity, adhering to PRISMA guidelines.
Main Results:
- Twenty-one studies (18 in vitro, 3 RCTs) were included.
- Postbiotics from Lactobacillus species inhibited Streptococcus mutans growth, biofilm formation, and virulence.
- Mechanisms include antimicrobial activity, adhesion inhibition, biofilm disruption, immune modulation, and pH buffering.
- Human trials showed reduced salivary S. mutans and increased salivary pH.
Conclusions:
- Postbiotics represent a novel, effective approach for dental caries prevention.
- They target cariogenic bacteria and modulate the oral microbiome.
- Postbiotics offer superior safety, stability, and formulation advantages over probiotics.
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